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| Emergency treatment of chemical leakage |
γγIn chemical production, storage and use of costumes, containers of chemicals often occur some unexpected burst and spilled accidents, resulting in leakage of dangerous chemicals, and therefore need to adopt simple and effective safety technical measures to eliminate or reduce the risk of leakage, if leakage control or not handled properly, may at any time transformed into combustion, explosion, poisoning and other accidents. Here are some of the emergency measures that must be taken to deal with the leakage of chemicals.
Evacuation and isolation
In the chemical production, storage and use of the process in the event of a leak, the first to evacuate irrelevant personnel, isolation leakage pollution area. If it is a large number of flammable and explosive chemicals leakage, then be sure to hit the "119" alarm, request the fire professional rescue, but also to protect and control the scene.
Two, cut off the fire source
It is especially important to cut off the leakage of chemicals. If the leakage is flammable, it must immediately eliminate all kinds of fire source in the area.
Three, personal protection
To participate in the chemical nature of the leak and the response of the leakage of chemical products have a good understanding of the high and the upper hand to handle, no separate action, to have a guardian. When necessary with water (water mist). According to the nature of the leakage and the contact form of the poison, select the appropriate protective equipment to prevent accidents in the process of dealing with casualties, poisoning accidents.
1 respiratory protection
In order to prevent toxic and harmful substances through the respiratory system into the human body, should be based on different occasions to choose different protective equipment.
For the leakage of toxic chemicals, high concentration, and hypoxia, the need to use oxygen breathing apparatus, air breathing apparatus, air supply, such as the long tube mask.
For the oxygen concentration in the leakage of not less than 18%, toxicant concentration in a certain range of occasions, can use gas masks (toxicant concentration in the below 2% using the isolation mask, concentration below 1% by direct gas masks, concentration below 0.1% take a face mask). Dust mask can be used in dust environment.
2 eye protection
In order to prevent the eye from harm, can use chemical safety protective glasses, safety protection mask and so on.
3 body protection
In order to avoid the damage of the skin can be used with mask protective clothing tape, Jumpsuit protective clothing tape, rubber work clothes, gas permeability overalls, breathable protective clothing etc..
4 hand protection
In order to protect the hands from damage, you can use rubber gloves, latex gloves, acid and alkali gloves, anti chemical gloves, etc..
Four, leakage control
If the leakage occurred in the production and use, under the unified command, by closing the valve, cut off the equipment and pipeline connected with, to stop the operation, or change process methods to control chemicals leakage.
If there is a leak in the container, it should be based on the actual situation, to take measures to plug and repair the gap, to prevent further leakage.
In addition, to prevent the spill spread, affecting the surrounding buildings, vehicles and people, if unable to control leakage to timely disposal of the leakage and closely monitored, in case of fire and explosion.
Five, the disposal of leakage
To promptly carry out the safety and reliability of the leakage of the site.
1 gas leakage disposal
Emergency handling personnel to do is to stop the leak, if possible, with a reasonable ventilation to the accumulation of the accumulation, or spray the water to make it after the treatment.
2 liquid leakage treatment
For a small amount of liquid leakage, can be absorbed by sand or other non combustible absorbent, collected in the container after processing.
And a lot of liquid leakage after around to spread, and difficult to collect processing, can be used in embankment to intercept or drainage to a safe location. In order to reduce the leakage of the leakage to the atmosphere, the foam or other covering materials can be used to cover the surface, after which the surface is covered, the evaporation is suppressed, and then the transfer process is carried out.
3 solid leakage treatment
Use the appropriate tools to collect the leakage, and then rinse the contaminated ground.
Analysis and Countermeasure of chlorine leakage disaster
In the modern industry by chlorine salt electrolysis and the laboratory, equipped with hydrochloric acid and manganese dioxide. Chlorine gas, yellow green with a pungent odor, soluble in water. Chlorine gas does not burn in the air, but the general fuel can be burned in chlorine gas, just as in oxygen combustion, the general flammable gas or steam can also form an explosive mixture with chlorine. Chlorine may and many chemicals such as acetylene, turpentine, ether, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, metal powder reacts violently explosion or generate explosive products. It has a corrosive action on metals and non metals. Chlorine gas is one of the important raw materials in the scientific experiment. Because of the danger of chlorine, it is easy to have accident if it is used, transported and managed.
(a) the characteristics of chlorine leakage hazard:
1 sudden strong, large gas leakage, no signs before the leak.
2 gas diffusion quickly, very easy to form a great danger. The proportion of chlorine gas is 1.47, the volume of gas is a few hundred times of liquid. Leaking gas will drift with the wind, wind will accumulate in low-lying areas.
(two) difficult to control the location of gas leakage and preventive measures:
1. The leakage occurred in the tank body, such as weld crack suddenly, fusible plug is damaged, the main reason for the occurrence of this kind of disaster is assembled tank or poor welding quality, media excess filling (chlorine filling coefficient is 1.25kg/L) or a wrong filling. The preventive measures taken are the design and manufacture of pressure vessels.
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