A basic principle of the disposal of hazardous chemicals emergency pollution accident is highly toxic, toxic, harmful, dangerous chemicals as possible into non-toxic, harmless or low toxicity, less harmful substances, to avoid secondary pollution caused by, harm to minimize and reduce hazardous chemicals leakage accidents caused by the loss. Through physical (such as recovery, collection, adsorption), chemical (such as neutralization reaction, oxidation reduction reaction, precipitation) and other methods, to deal with. In the case of possible, for the disposal of the substance should be easy, low, low toxicity, no two pollution, or easy to eliminate. At the same time, should ensure that the staff and the surrounding people's personal safety, according to the provisions required to wear the necessary protective equipment (such as protective clothing, anti-virus respirator, etc.), to enter the site for disposal.
(1) leakage disposal of toxic materials of sodium cyanide potassium cyanide, soluble in water.
If the solid substance spilled into the pavement and can be done with a shovel carefully collected in dry, clean, with the cover of the container, as much as possible are collected; again the spilled into the pavement spraying excessive bleaching powder or sodium hypochlorite solution to remove the residual spill.
If the cyanide solution spilled into the road, can be discharged into the pavement spraying in excess of bleaching powder or sodium hypochlorite solution, clearance leakage. Attention to the monitoring of surface water and groundwater.
If discharge into the water, of small amount of leakage, in the discharge into the water spraying excessive bleaching powder or sodium hypochlorite solution, remove the leakage; the large amount of leakage, if necessary, in the middle and lower reaches of rivers and a certain distance to build levees, control pollution scope expanding, also closely monitored until compliance monitoring.
(2) slightly soluble in water of the toxic substances arsenic trioxide (Pi Shuang) leakage disposal
If it is discharged into the road, it can be used with a shovel to collect it in a dry, clean and covered container, as far as possible;
If discharge into the water, but the water for spraying sodium sulfide solution, to dissolve in water with arsenic trioxide and sodium sulfide reaction does not dissolve in water arsenic sulfide precipitation, after water monitoring compliance, deal with deposition in riverbed of arsenic and arsenic sulfide precipitation be completely clear, to eliminate hidden dangers. After in the water spraying bleaching powder or sodium hypochlorite solution, to eliminate spraying sodium sulfide solution when an excess of sulfide in water effects, and determination of water in the sulfide to meet the standard.
(3) inorganic acid (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, perchloric acid) leakage disposal
If spilled into the pavement, of small amount of leakage, dry sand, soil and other inert material sprinkle spilled into the pavement, absorb spill, collect adsorption of leakage from sand and soil; then dry lime or soda ash sprinkle spilled into the pavement, and possible residual acid. For large spills, should avoid direct water rinse can be spilled into the pavement built around Causeway or trenching asylum, with acid resistant pump transferred to tankers or a special collector, recycling or shipped to the waste treatment disposal sites; then dry lime or soda ash sprinkle spilled into the pavement, and possible residual acid.
If the discharge into the water, in the discharge of water into a large number of lime (on the river, the river should be counter current spraying), and to monitor the water to reach the standard. At the same time, we should pay attention to the monitoring of fluoride ion.
(4) (alkali such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide) leakage disposal
If the solid is discharged into the road, the shovel can be collected in a dry, clean, covered container, as far as possible. If liquid discharge into the pavement and of small amount of leakage, first with dry sand, soil and other inert material sprinkle spilled into the pavement, adsorption spill, collect adsorption of leakage from sand and soil, then use dilute acetic acid solution spraying the road, and residual lye; of large spills, spilled into the pavement built around Causeway or trenching asylum, pump transferred to tankers or a special collector, recycling or shipped to the waste treatment disposal sites, then use dilute acetic acid solution spraying the road, and the residual lye.
If the discharge into the water, can discharge into the water spray (dilute acid such as hydrochloric acid) to neutralize alkali, to water monitoring standards.
(5) relative density (water =1) is less than 1, insoluble in water, organic matter (liquid) (such as benzene, toluene, etc.) leakage disposal
If spilled into the pavement, of small amount of leakage, with activated carbon or other inert material or materials such as sawdust, straw dry adsorption; for large spills, and build a barrierpit to contain, explosion-proof pump transferred to tankers or a special collector, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites to processing.
If entering water, should immediately with a grille be restricted in a certain range, carefully collected floating on the surface of the water spill, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites.
(6) the relative density (water =1) is greater than 1, insoluble in water, organic matter (liquid) (such as chloroform, etc.) leakage disposal
If spilled into the pavement, of small amount of leakage, with activated carbon or other inert material or materials such as sawdust, straw dry adsorption; for large spills, and build a barrierpit to contain, explosion-proof pump transferred to tankers or a special collector, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites to processing. Attention to the pollution caused by the downward infiltration of groundwater.
If the water into the water, as more than the water, submerged, as far as possible with anti explosion pump will be underwater leakage to collect, eliminate pollution and safety hazards.
(7) toxic and harmful gases and volatile toxic and harmful liquid (such as chlorine, bromine) leakage disposal
According to the scene of the accident of the wind, off the safety area quickly, transfer of personnel to a safe place to leeward.
As for chlorine leakage, due to gas leakage, in order to ensure the safety, as far as possible to cut off the source of leakage, at the same time, to the leakage source and over spray containing 2%